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2023考研英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句怎么學(xué)習(xí)

2004-Text2
第2段:①I(mǎi)t has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.
②Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over ZoëZysman.
③Englishnames are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet...話題:字母順序帶來(lái)的歧視(不公)
二、解析
1.分意群:
It has long been known//that a taxi firm/called AAAA cars/has a big advantage/over Zodiac cars//when customers/thumb through their phone directories.它早被人們知道/一家出租車(chē)公司/叫作AAAA cars/有一個(gè)很大的優(yōu)勢(shì)/比Zodiac cars//當(dāng)顧客/翻閱他們的電話簿。
2.定屬性:
①I(mǎi)t+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(或系表)+that,that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句后置,用it代替主語(yǔ),為形式主語(yǔ);
It has long been known that......正常主謂賓語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該為T(mén)hat......has long been known,由于主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng),所以通常后置;
②名詞+過(guò)去分詞-ed,過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ),修飾前面的名詞;
called AAAA cars:被“稱(chēng)作AAAA cars的”;
當(dāng)一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞(沒(méi)有并列連詞),必然只有一個(gè)是作謂語(yǔ),has、be等一定是作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;-ed形式的動(dòng)詞,可以是過(guò)去時(shí)(此時(shí)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞),也可能是過(guò)去分詞(此時(shí)作定語(yǔ))。區(qū)分過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去分詞的方法就是看該動(dòng)詞。
前面名詞的關(guān)系,如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,如被稱(chēng)作“AAAA cars”的出租車(chē)公司,為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,即為過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ);
③主句+when狀語(yǔ)從句,when從句翻譯在主句前:“當(dāng)......時(shí)”;
when customers thumb through their phone directories
3.調(diào)語(yǔ)序:
①名詞+過(guò)去分詞,過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ);
a taxi firm called AAAA cars
翻譯成“名為AAAA的出租車(chē)公司”;
②has a big advantage over Zodiac cars;
over在這里表示比較的意思,翻譯在前面:“比Zodiac出租公司更有優(yōu)勢(shì)”。
4.理翻譯:
難點(diǎn):cars;over;AAAA及Zodiac;big;thumb through
?cars在這里可以不用翻譯;
?over在這里表比較的意思,或者優(yōu)于;
?big advantage中big不翻譯成“大”,翻譯為“更有優(yōu)勢(shì)”就;
?AAAA及Zodiac這樣的英文大寫(xiě)字母專(zhuān)有名詞,在翻譯時(shí)可以直接照抄,直接翻譯成AAAA及Zodiac;
?thumb拇指,thumb through表示翻尋、翻閱的意思。
四、理解
It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over
Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.全句翻譯:長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)人們都知道,當(dāng)顧客翻尋電話號(hào)碼簿的時(shí)候,名為AAAA的出租公司就比名為Zodiac
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