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考研英語真題練習(xí)
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 4
36.【答案】[D]protect the rights of ordinary workers
【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞personal grievance和are intended to定位到第二段①句(其中are intended to對應(yīng)were designed to):Personal grievance procedures were designed to guard the jobs of ordinary workers from“unjustified dismissals”(個(gè)人申訴程序旨在保護(hù)普通員工免于遭受“不正當(dāng)?shù)慕夤?rdquo;)。D項(xiàng)protect the rights of ordinary workers(保護(hù)普通員工的權(quán)益)是對①句中g(shù)uard the jobs of ordinary workers from“unjustified dismissals”的概括總結(jié)，其中g(shù)uard對應(yīng)protect，ordinary workers為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。所以本題選D。
37.【答案】[A]hinder business development
【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph3和provisions定位到第三段①句:But these provisions create difficulties for businesses when applied to highly paid managers and executives(但當(dāng)這些規(guī)定適用于高薪經(jīng)理和主管時(shí)，會給企業(yè)帶來困難)，該句無法解題，需結(jié)合下文。第三段②句指出As countless boards and business owners will attest constraining firms from firing poorly performing,high-earning managers is a handbrake on boosting productivity and overall performance(正如無數(shù)的董事會和企業(yè)主將證明的那樣，限制企業(yè)解雇表現(xiàn)不佳的高薪經(jīng)理，會阻礙企業(yè)提高生產(chǎn)率和整體業(yè)績)，A項(xiàng)hinder businessdevelopment(阻礙企業(yè)發(fā)展)是對①句中create difficulties for businesses和②句中a handbrake on boosting productivity and overall performance的概括總結(jié)。所以本題選A。
38.【答案】[D]Dismissing poorly performing managers.
【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the Productivity Commission定位到第五段②句:Indeed,in“An International Perspective on New Zealand’s Productivity Paradox”(2014)the Productivity Commission singled out the low quality of managerial capabilities as a cause of the country’s poor productivity growth record(事實(shí)上，在《關(guān)于新西蘭生產(chǎn)率悖論的國際視角》中，生產(chǎn)力委員會指出，管理能力的低下是該國生產(chǎn)率增長記錄不佳的一個(gè)原因)，由此可推知，生產(chǎn)力委員會可能會支持解雇表現(xiàn)不佳的經(jīng)理，D項(xiàng)Dismissing poorly performing managers(解雇表現(xiàn)不佳的經(jīng)理)是對②句內(nèi)容的適度推斷。所以本題選D。
39.【答案】[B]Employees suffer from salary cuts.
【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ERA’s uniustified dismissal procedures定位到第六段①句:Nor are highly paid managers themselves immune from the harm caused by the ERA’s unjustified dismissal procedures(高薪經(jīng)理自身也無法免受雇傭關(guān)系法中不正當(dāng)解雇程序所造成的傷害)。該句無法解題，需繼續(xù)看下文。②③句進(jìn)一步解釋①句，闡述不正當(dāng)解雇程序?qū)?jīng)理的不利影響。④句And之后補(bǔ)充解釋不正當(dāng)解雇程序?qū)τ趩T工的影響，即firms pay staff less because firms carry the burden of the employment arrangement going wrong(企業(yè)支付給員工更少的工資，因?yàn)槠髽I(yè)承擔(dān)了雇傭安排出差錯的責(zé)任)，B項(xiàng)Emplovees suffer from salarvcuts(員工被降薪)是對④句中firms pay staff less的同義替換。所以本題選B。
40.【答案】[D]is difficult to put into practice
【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the“high-incomethreshold”in Australia定位到第八段①句:Australia deals with the uniustified dismissal paradox by excluding employees earning above a specified“high-income threshold”from the protection of its unfair dismissallaws(澳大利亞應(yīng)對不正當(dāng)解雇悖論的辦法是，將收入超過特定“高收入門檻”的員工排除在該國不正當(dāng)解雇法的保護(hù)范圍之外)，該句無法解題，需繼續(xù)看下文。第八段③句指出However,thenmechanisms proposed were unwieldy and the Bill was voted down following the change in government later that year(然而，上述提出的機(jī)制太過復(fù)雜，難以實(shí)行，新西蘭的法案也在當(dāng)年晚些時(shí)候在政府換屆后被投票否決)，D項(xiàng)is difficult to put 
into practice(難以付諸實(shí)施)是對③句中the mechanisms proposed were unwieldy的適度推斷。所以本題選D。
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