考研英語(yǔ)翻譯方法有很多種,如何提高考研英語(yǔ)翻譯成績(jī)呢?掌握學(xué)習(xí)技巧是非常重要的,今天上海高頓考研網(wǎng)來(lái)和大家分享一下考研英語(yǔ)翻譯的技巧——語(yǔ)態(tài)變換法(The change of the voices)。希望對(duì)大家的英語(yǔ)翻譯有一定幫助。
考研英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧
這里所說(shuō)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是指主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),這兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)在英漢兩種語(yǔ)言中的使用情況是很不相同的,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用是科技文章的主要特點(diǎn)之一,其用法十分廣泛。在漢語(yǔ)中,我們可用“被、讓、把、遭、換、使、由、受到,為……所”等詞來(lái)表示被動(dòng)。但在漢語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用頻率比英文要低得多。因此,在遇到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),應(yīng)遵循漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣,如譯成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不通,則譯成主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
(1)保留其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)
Goodyear,an American,had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard,non-sticky,and yet elastic.
譯文:古德伊爾,美國(guó)人,多年來(lái)一直試圖找到一種方法能讓橡膠變得更硬、不粘黏,同時(shí)更有彈性。
(2)將被動(dòng)改為主動(dòng)
①翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主語(yǔ),如果被動(dòng)句不含by的話。
If bad weather is expected,the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing
.譯文:如果預(yù)測(cè)到有惡劣天氣,天氣預(yù)報(bào)員必須能夠在該飛機(jī)的航程內(nèi)提出另外一個(gè)天氣條件適合降落的機(jī)場(chǎng)。
②將that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句仍然譯為賓語(yǔ),但要加上表泛指的詞語(yǔ)(如人們、大家、我們等)做主語(yǔ)。如:
It is hoped that…
It is reported that…
It is said that…
It is supposed that…
It must be admitted that…
It must be pointed out that…
It is asserted that…
It is believed that…
It is well known that…
It will be said that…
It will be seen from this that…
It was told that…
I was told that…
It may be said…
It may be argued that…
注意:如果被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)既有過(guò)去分詞又有by(或in,for)引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ),這時(shí)將動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者譯成主語(yǔ)。如:It is imagined by many that…
翻譯的過(guò)程一般分為閱讀理解、漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)和審校潤(rùn)色三個(gè)階段,在做這類題目時(shí)一定要掌握學(xué)習(xí)方法、做題方法,這樣能讓你事倍功半。關(guān)于考研英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧就先為大家介紹到這了,后續(xù)會(huì)持續(xù)更新。