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Section Il Reading Comprehension
PartA
Directions:Read the following four fexis.Answer the quesfions beloweach text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWERSHEET(40 points)
Text 1
In her new book Cogs and Monsters:What Economics ls,and What ItShould Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at Cambridge University,argucsthat the digitaleconomy requires new ways of thinking about progress"Whatever we mean by the economy growing,by things getting better.the gains will have to be more evenly shared than in the recent past,”shewrites.“An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers.with middle-income jobs undercut by automation,will not be politicallysustainable.
lmproving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity invarious sectors.including health care and construction,says Covle.Butpeople cant be expected to embrace the changes if theyre not seeing thebenefits-if theyre just seeing good jobs being destroved.
In a recent intervicw,Coyle said she fears that techs inequalityproblem could be a roadblock to deploying Al.“Were talking aboutdisruption,"she says."These are transformative technologies that changcthe ways we spend our time every day,that change business models thatsucceed.”To make such“tremendous changes,"she adds,you need socialbuy-in.
Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmering among many as thebenefits are perceived to go to elites in a handful of prosperous cities
According to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight Americancities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle hadroughly 38%of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies are particularlconcentrated:Brookingss Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15cities account for two-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the UnitedStates.
The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercializationof Al means that geographical disparities in wealth will continue to soarNot only will this foster political and social unrest,but it could,as Coylesuggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.
Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the strangleholdthat BigTech has on defining the Al agenda.That will likely take increasedfederal funding for research independent of the tech giants.
A morc immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations toconceive of AI technologies that dont simply replace jobs but expandopportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care mostabout,like health care,education,and manufacturing
21.Coyle argues in her new book that economic growth should
[A]give nse to innovations
diversify career choices
[C benefit people equally
[D]be promoted forcefully
22.According to Paragraph 2,digital technologies should be usedto
[A]bring about instant prospenty
reduce peoples workload
[C]raise overall work efficiency
[D]enhance cross-sector
23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technologies?
[A]They may affect work-life balance
They may be impractical to deploy
[C]They may incur huge expenditure
[D]They may be unwelcome to the public
24.Several American cities are mentioned to show
[A]the uneven distribution of Al technologies in the US
the disappointing prospect of tech jobs in the US
[C]the fast progress of US
[D]the increasing significance of US AI assets
25.With regard to Coyles concern,the author suggests
[A]raising funds to start new Al projects
encouraging collaboration in AI research
[C]guarding against the side effects of Al
[D]redefining the role of AI technologies
【參考答案】
閱讀Text1答案CCDAD
Text 2
The UK is facing a future construction crisis because ofa failure toplant trees to produce wood.Confor has warned.The forestry and woodtrade body has called for urgent action to reduce the countrys reliance ontimber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future gener-ationsCurrently only 20 per cent of the UKs wood requirement is home-grownwhile it remains the second-largest net importer of timber in the worldComing at a time of fresh incentives from the Uk government for landowners to grow more trees,the trade body says these dont go farenough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timbersupplies."Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also befacing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees toproduce wood"said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of confor.For decadeswe have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supplyleaving us exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future supplics ofwood as global demand rises and own supplies fall."
The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbonhomes and is a global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainablymanaged.Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottish homes arebuilt from Scottish timber,the use of home-grown wood in England is onlyaround 25 percent.The causes of the UKs current position are complex andrange from outdated perceptions of productive forestry to the decimation oftrees by gray squirrels.It also encom passes significant hesitation on behalfof farmers and other landowners to invest in longer too planting projectsWhlie productive tree planting can deliver roal financial benefits torural economies and contribute to the Uks net-zero strategy,the focus ofgovernment support continues to be on food production and rewilding andplanting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall adeed:"Whilefood production and biodiversity health are clearly of critical importance.we need our land to also provide secure supplies of wood for construction,manufacturing an contribute to net zero."While the UK government hasstated its ambition for more three planting,there has been little action onthe ground.Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind thoseaspirations to ensure we have enough wood to meet increasing demand.
26.It can learned from paragraph l that Uk needs to
A.in crcase its domestic wood supply
Breduce its demand for timber
C.lower its wood production costs
D.lift its control on timber imports
27.According to confor,the Uk goverments fresh incentives
A can hardly address a construction crisis
B.are believed to come at a wrong time
C.seem to be misleading for landowners
D.will be too costly to put into practice
28.The UKs exposure to fluctuating wood prices is a result of
A.the governments inaction on timber imports
B.inadequate investment in growing wood
C.the competition among timber traders at home
D.Wood producersmotive to maximise profits
29.Which of the following causes the shortage of wood supply in the UK?
A.Excessive timber consumption in construction
B.Unfavourable conditions for growing wood
C.outdated technologies of the wood industry
D.Farmersunwillingness to plant trees.
30.What does Good all think the Uk government should do?
A.Subsidise the building of low-carbon homes
B.Pay greater attention to boosting rural economies
C.Provide more support for productive three planting
D.Give priority to pursuing its net-zero strategy
Text 3
One ofthe biggest challenges in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the Its aroad is convincing them that its time to turn over the keys.complete life-changer”when someone stops-or is forced to stop-driving.said former risk managet Anne M.Menke.
“The American Medical Association advises physicians that insituations where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies astrong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physicians adyiceto discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical tonotify the Department of Motor Vehicles,”Menke wrote."Some statesrequire physicians to report,others allow but do not mandate reports,whilea few consider a report a breach of confidentiality.There could be liabilityand penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws onreporting and confidentiality,she counseled.
Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficultiesare addressed piecemeal by different professions with different focuses.including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotiveengineers and others said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan.“Theres not aNational Institute of Older Driver Studics.”she said."We need bettcrevidence on what makes drivers unsafeand what can help,said Dugan.
One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report inperson for license renewal.Mandatory in-person renewal was associatedwith a 3l percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or olderaccording to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar declinein fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be no benefitfrom combining the two.
Many older drivers dont see eye doctors or cant afford to.Primarcare providers have their hands full and may not be able to follow throughwith patients who have trouble driving because they cant turn their headsor remember where they are going-or have gotten shorter and haventchanged their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily.
As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars wontsolve the problems of crashes,said Dugan.Avoiding dangers posed by allthose human drivers would require too many algorithms,she said.But weneed to do more to improve safety,said Dugan.“If were going to have100-year lives,wwe need cars that a 90-vear-old can drive comfortably."
3According to paragraph l,keeping unsafe aging drivers off theroad
[A]is a new safety measure
has become a disputed issue
[C]can be a toughs task to complete
[D]will be beneficial to their health
32.The American Medial Associations advice
[A]has won support form driver
is generally considered unrealistic
[C]is widely dismissed as unnecessary
[D]has met with different responses
33.According to Dugan,efforts to keep older drivers safe
[A]have brought about big changes
need to be well coordinated
[C]have gained public recognition
[D]call for relevant legal support
34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to
[A]stick with bad driving habits
have a weakened memory
[C]suffer from chronic pains
[D]neglect car maintenance
35 Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie
[A]upgrading self-driving vehicles
developing senior-friendly cars
[C]renovating transport facilitics
[D]adjusting the age limit for drivers
Text 4
If you look at the apps on your phone,chances are you have at leastone related to your health-and probably several.Whether it is a mentalhealth app,a fitness tracker,a connected health device or something else,many of us are taking advantage of this technology to keep better track ofour health in some shape or form.Recent research from the Organizationfor the Review of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000 healthapps were available on the market,90.000 of which launched in 2020alone.
While these apps have a great deal to offer,it is not always clear howthe personal information we input is collected,safeguarded and shareonline.Existing health privacy law,such as the Health InsurancePortability and Accountability Act,is primarily focused on the wayhospitals,doctors’offices,clinics and insurance companies store healthrecords online.The health information theses apps and health data trackingwearables are collecting typically does not receive the same legal protections.
Without additional protections in place,companies may share(andpotentially monetize)personal health information in a way consumers maynot have authorized or anticipated.In 2021.Flo Health faced a FederaTrade Commission(FTC)investigation.The FTC alleged in a complaintthat“despite express privacy claims,the company took control of userssensitive fertility data and shared it with third parties.”’Flo Health and FTCsettled the matter with a consent Drdor requiring the company to get appusers’express affirmative consent before sharing their health informationas well as to instruct the third parties to delete the data they and obtained.Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcementaction against unfair or deceptive acts meaning the FTC can only act aftelthe fact if a companys privacy practices are misleading or causeunjustified consumer harm.While the FTC is doing what it can to ensureapps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of theirsensitive heal thinformations,the rate at which these health apps are hittingthe market demonstrates just now immense of a challenge this is.
As to the the prospects for federal legislation,commentators suggestthat comprehensive federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the shortterm.States have begun implementing their own solutions to share upprotections for consumer-generated health data.California has been at theforefront of state privacy efforts with the California Consumer privacy Act of 2018.Virginia,Colorado and Utah have also recently passed stateconsumer data privacy legislation
36.The research findings are cited in paragraph l to show
[A]the pr*ence of health apps
the public concern over health
[C]popularity of smartphone
[D]the advancement of technology
37.What does the author imply about existing health privacy law?
[A]Its coverage needs to be extended
Its enforcement needs strengthening
[C]It has discouraged medical misconduct
[D]It has disappointed insurance companies
38.Before sharing its users’health information,Flo Health is required to
[A]Seek the approval of the FTC
find qualified third parties
[C]remove irrelevant personal data
[D]Obtain their explicit permission
39.What challenge is the FTC currently faced with?
[A]The complexity of health information
The rapid increase in new health apps
[C]The subtle deceptiveness if health apps
[D]The difficulty in assessing consumer harm
40.It can be learned from the last paragraph that health date protection
[A]has bcen cmbraced by hcalth app developers
has been a focus of federal policy-making
[C]has encountered opposition in California
[D]has gained legislative support in some states
【參考答案】
閱讀Text1答案CCDAD
閱讀Text2答案AABDC
閱讀Text3答案CDBBB
閱讀Text 4答案AADBD
Part B
Directions:Read the following text and match each of the numbereditems in the left column to its corresponding information in the righicolumn.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)
High school students eager to stand out in the college applicationprocess often participate in a litany of extracurricular activities hoping tobolster their chances of admission to a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a collegehopefuls extracurricular activitiesmatters more than the number ofactivities he or she participates in.
Sue Rexfor,the director of college guidance at the Charles E.Smith Jewish Day School,says it is not necessary for a student filling out theCommon Application to list 10 activities in the application
"No college will expect that a student has a huge laundry list ofextracurriculars that they have been passionately involved in each for anextended period of timc"Rexford wrote in an email.
Experts say it is tougher to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliatedcxtracurricular activity that is common among high school students than itis to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.
"The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to bemuch stiffer,and so if theyre going to do a popular activity,Id say,be thebest at it"says Sara Harberson,a college admissions consultant.
High school students who have an impressive personal project theyare working on independently often impress colleges,experts say.
"For example,a student with an interest in entrepreneurship coulddemonstrate skill and potential by starting a profitable small business,Olivia Valdes,the founder of Zen Admissions consulting firm,wrote in anemail.
Joseph Adegboyega-Edun,a Maryland high school guidancecounselor,says unconventional extracurricular activities can help studentsimpress college admissions offices,assuming they demonstrated seriouscommitnent."Again,since one of the big questions high school seniorsmust consider is What makes you unique?,having an uncommon extracurricular activity vs.a conventional one is an advantage,"he wrote inan email.
Experts say demonstrating talent in at least one extracurricular activitycan help in the college admissions process,especially at top-tierundcrgraduatc Institutions
Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricularactivity can be a positive in the admissions process,especially for highlyselective institutions,where having top grades and test scores is notenough,"Katie Kelley,admissions counselor at lvyWise admissionsconsultancy,wrote in an email."Students need to have that quality or hookthat will appeal to admissions officers and allow them to visualize how thestudent might come and enrich their campus community.?
Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on acollege application are beneficial,experts suggest."lf you already knowyour major,baving an extracurricular that fits into that major can be a bigplus."says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunitieswith The Cabbage Patch
Settlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community
center
High school students who have had a strong positive influence ontheir community through an extracurricular activity may impress a collegcand win a scholarshipsays Erica Gwyn,a former math and science magnet program assistant at a public high school who is now executive director ofthe Kaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.assistant at a public high school who is noW cxcculiye director oftheKaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.
【參考答案】
41.Sue Rexford
C.Undertaking too many extracurricular activities will hardly be seen as a plus by colleges.
原文線索:Sue Rexford mentions that it is not necessary for students to list 10 activities in the Common Application,indicating that having a large number of extracurricular activities is not essential.
42.Sara Harberson
E.High school students participating in popular activity should excel in it.
原文線索:Sara Harberson advises that if students are going to do a popular activity,they should be the best at it,emphasizing excelling in the activity rather than just participating.
43.Katie Kelley
A.Students who stand out in a specific extracurricular activity will be favored by top-tier institutions.
原文線索:Katie Kelley states that distinguishing oneself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in the admissions process for highly selective institutions.
44.Mayghin Levine
G.It is advisable for students to choose an extracurricular activity that is related to their future study at college.
Rationale:Mayghin Levine suggests that having an extracurricular activity related to the college major declared on a college application can be a big plus.
45.Erica Gwyn
B.Students whose extracurricular activity has benefited their community are likely to win a scholarship.
原文線索:Erica Gwyn mentions that high school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through an extracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship.
PartA
Directions:Read the following four fexis.Answer the quesfions beloweach text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWERSHEET(40 points)
Text 1
In her new book Cogs and Monsters:What Economics ls,and What ItShould Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at Cambridge University,argucsthat the digitaleconomy requires new ways of thinking about progress"Whatever we mean by the economy growing,by things getting better.the gains will have to be more evenly shared than in the recent past,”shewrites.“An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers.with middle-income jobs undercut by automation,will not be politicallysustainable.
lmproving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity invarious sectors.including health care and construction,says Covle.Butpeople cant be expected to embrace the changes if theyre not seeing thebenefits-if theyre just seeing good jobs being destroved.
In a recent intervicw,Coyle said she fears that techs inequalityproblem could be a roadblock to deploying Al.“Were talking aboutdisruption,"she says."These are transformative technologies that changcthe ways we spend our time every day,that change business models thatsucceed.”To make such“tremendous changes,"she adds,you need socialbuy-in.
Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmering among many as thebenefits are perceived to go to elites in a handful of prosperous cities
According to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight Americancities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle hadroughly 38%of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies are particularlconcentrated:Brookingss Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15cities account for two-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the UnitedStates.
The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercializationof Al means that geographical disparities in wealth will continue to soarNot only will this foster political and social unrest,but it could,as Coylesuggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.
Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the strangleholdthat BigTech has on defining the Al agenda.That will likely take increasedfederal funding for research independent of the tech giants.
A morc immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations toconceive of AI technologies that dont simply replace jobs but expandopportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care mostabout,like health care,education,and manufacturing
21.Coyle argues in her new book that economic growth should
[A]give nse to innovations
diversify career choices
[C benefit people equally
[D]be promoted forcefully
22.According to Paragraph 2,digital technologies should be usedto
[A]bring about instant prospenty
reduce peoples workload
[C]raise overall work efficiency
[D]enhance cross-sector
23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technologies?
[A]They may affect work-life balance
They may be impractical to deploy
[C]They may incur huge expenditure
[D]They may be unwelcome to the public
24.Several American cities are mentioned to show
[A]the uneven distribution of Al technologies in the US
the disappointing prospect of tech jobs in the US
[C]the fast progress of US
[D]the increasing significance of US AI assets
25.With regard to Coyles concern,the author suggests
[A]raising funds to start new Al projects
encouraging collaboration in AI research
[C]guarding against the side effects of Al
[D]redefining the role of AI technologies
【參考答案】
閱讀Text1答案CCDAD
Text 2
The UK is facing a future construction crisis because ofa failure toplant trees to produce wood.Confor has warned.The forestry and woodtrade body has called for urgent action to reduce the countrys reliance ontimber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future gener-ationsCurrently only 20 per cent of the UKs wood requirement is home-grownwhile it remains the second-largest net importer of timber in the worldComing at a time of fresh incentives from the Uk government for landowners to grow more trees,the trade body says these dont go farenough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timbersupplies."Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also befacing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees toproduce wood"said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of confor.For decadeswe have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supplyleaving us exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future supplics ofwood as global demand rises and own supplies fall."
The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbonhomes and is a global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainablymanaged.Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottish homes arebuilt from Scottish timber,the use of home-grown wood in England is onlyaround 25 percent.The causes of the UKs current position are complex andrange from outdated perceptions of productive forestry to the decimation oftrees by gray squirrels.It also encom passes significant hesitation on behalfof farmers and other landowners to invest in longer too planting projectsWhlie productive tree planting can deliver roal financial benefits torural economies and contribute to the Uks net-zero strategy,the focus ofgovernment support continues to be on food production and rewilding andplanting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall adeed:"Whilefood production and biodiversity health are clearly of critical importance.we need our land to also provide secure supplies of wood for construction,manufacturing an contribute to net zero."While the UK government hasstated its ambition for more three planting,there has been little action onthe ground.Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind thoseaspirations to ensure we have enough wood to meet increasing demand.
26.It can learned from paragraph l that Uk needs to
A.in crcase its domestic wood supply
Breduce its demand for timber
C.lower its wood production costs
D.lift its control on timber imports
27.According to confor,the Uk goverments fresh incentives
A can hardly address a construction crisis
B.are believed to come at a wrong time
C.seem to be misleading for landowners
D.will be too costly to put into practice
28.The UKs exposure to fluctuating wood prices is a result of
A.the governments inaction on timber imports
B.inadequate investment in growing wood
C.the competition among timber traders at home
D.Wood producersmotive to maximise profits
29.Which of the following causes the shortage of wood supply in the UK?
A.Excessive timber consumption in construction
B.Unfavourable conditions for growing wood
C.outdated technologies of the wood industry
D.Farmersunwillingness to plant trees.
30.What does Good all think the Uk government should do?
A.Subsidise the building of low-carbon homes
B.Pay greater attention to boosting rural economies
C.Provide more support for productive three planting
D.Give priority to pursuing its net-zero strategy
Text 3
One ofthe biggest challenges in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the Its aroad is convincing them that its time to turn over the keys.complete life-changer”when someone stops-or is forced to stop-driving.said former risk managet Anne M.Menke.
“The American Medical Association advises physicians that insituations where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies astrong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physicians adyiceto discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical tonotify the Department of Motor Vehicles,”Menke wrote."Some statesrequire physicians to report,others allow but do not mandate reports,whilea few consider a report a breach of confidentiality.There could be liabilityand penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws onreporting and confidentiality,she counseled.
Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficultiesare addressed piecemeal by different professions with different focuses.including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotiveengineers and others said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan.“Theres not aNational Institute of Older Driver Studics.”she said."We need bettcrevidence on what makes drivers unsafeand what can help,said Dugan.
One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report inperson for license renewal.Mandatory in-person renewal was associatedwith a 3l percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or olderaccording to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar declinein fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be no benefitfrom combining the two.
Many older drivers dont see eye doctors or cant afford to.Primarcare providers have their hands full and may not be able to follow throughwith patients who have trouble driving because they cant turn their headsor remember where they are going-or have gotten shorter and haventchanged their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily.
As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars wontsolve the problems of crashes,said Dugan.Avoiding dangers posed by allthose human drivers would require too many algorithms,she said.But weneed to do more to improve safety,said Dugan.“If were going to have100-year lives,wwe need cars that a 90-vear-old can drive comfortably."
3According to paragraph l,keeping unsafe aging drivers off theroad
[A]is a new safety measure
has become a disputed issue
[C]can be a toughs task to complete
[D]will be beneficial to their health
32.The American Medial Associations advice
[A]has won support form driver
is generally considered unrealistic
[C]is widely dismissed as unnecessary
[D]has met with different responses
33.According to Dugan,efforts to keep older drivers safe
[A]have brought about big changes
need to be well coordinated
[C]have gained public recognition
[D]call for relevant legal support
34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to
[A]stick with bad driving habits
have a weakened memory
[C]suffer from chronic pains
[D]neglect car maintenance
35 Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie
[A]upgrading self-driving vehicles
developing senior-friendly cars
[C]renovating transport facilitics
[D]adjusting the age limit for drivers
Text 4
If you look at the apps on your phone,chances are you have at leastone related to your health-and probably several.Whether it is a mentalhealth app,a fitness tracker,a connected health device or something else,many of us are taking advantage of this technology to keep better track ofour health in some shape or form.Recent research from the Organizationfor the Review of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000 healthapps were available on the market,90.000 of which launched in 2020alone.
While these apps have a great deal to offer,it is not always clear howthe personal information we input is collected,safeguarded and shareonline.Existing health privacy law,such as the Health InsurancePortability and Accountability Act,is primarily focused on the wayhospitals,doctors’offices,clinics and insurance companies store healthrecords online.The health information theses apps and health data trackingwearables are collecting typically does not receive the same legal protections.
Without additional protections in place,companies may share(andpotentially monetize)personal health information in a way consumers maynot have authorized or anticipated.In 2021.Flo Health faced a FederaTrade Commission(FTC)investigation.The FTC alleged in a complaintthat“despite express privacy claims,the company took control of userssensitive fertility data and shared it with third parties.”’Flo Health and FTCsettled the matter with a consent Drdor requiring the company to get appusers’express affirmative consent before sharing their health informationas well as to instruct the third parties to delete the data they and obtained.Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcementaction against unfair or deceptive acts meaning the FTC can only act aftelthe fact if a companys privacy practices are misleading or causeunjustified consumer harm.While the FTC is doing what it can to ensureapps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of theirsensitive heal thinformations,the rate at which these health apps are hittingthe market demonstrates just now immense of a challenge this is.
As to the the prospects for federal legislation,commentators suggestthat comprehensive federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the shortterm.States have begun implementing their own solutions to share upprotections for consumer-generated health data.California has been at theforefront of state privacy efforts with the California Consumer privacy Act of 2018.Virginia,Colorado and Utah have also recently passed stateconsumer data privacy legislation
36.The research findings are cited in paragraph l to show
[A]the pr*ence of health apps
the public concern over health
[C]popularity of smartphone
[D]the advancement of technology
37.What does the author imply about existing health privacy law?
[A]Its coverage needs to be extended
Its enforcement needs strengthening
[C]It has discouraged medical misconduct
[D]It has disappointed insurance companies
38.Before sharing its users’health information,Flo Health is required to
[A]Seek the approval of the FTC
find qualified third parties
[C]remove irrelevant personal data
[D]Obtain their explicit permission
39.What challenge is the FTC currently faced with?
[A]The complexity of health information
The rapid increase in new health apps
[C]The subtle deceptiveness if health apps
[D]The difficulty in assessing consumer harm
40.It can be learned from the last paragraph that health date protection
[A]has bcen cmbraced by hcalth app developers
has been a focus of federal policy-making
[C]has encountered opposition in California
[D]has gained legislative support in some states
【參考答案】
閱讀Text1答案CCDAD
閱讀Text2答案AABDC
閱讀Text3答案CDBBB
閱讀Text 4答案AADBD
Part B
Directions:Read the following text and match each of the numbereditems in the left column to its corresponding information in the righicolumn.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)
High school students eager to stand out in the college applicationprocess often participate in a litany of extracurricular activities hoping tobolster their chances of admission to a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a collegehopefuls extracurricular activitiesmatters more than the number ofactivities he or she participates in.
Sue Rexfor,the director of college guidance at the Charles E.Smith Jewish Day School,says it is not necessary for a student filling out theCommon Application to list 10 activities in the application
"No college will expect that a student has a huge laundry list ofextracurriculars that they have been passionately involved in each for anextended period of timc"Rexford wrote in an email.
Experts say it is tougher to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliatedcxtracurricular activity that is common among high school students than itis to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.
"The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to bemuch stiffer,and so if theyre going to do a popular activity,Id say,be thebest at it"says Sara Harberson,a college admissions consultant.
High school students who have an impressive personal project theyare working on independently often impress colleges,experts say.
"For example,a student with an interest in entrepreneurship coulddemonstrate skill and potential by starting a profitable small business,Olivia Valdes,the founder of Zen Admissions consulting firm,wrote in anemail.
Joseph Adegboyega-Edun,a Maryland high school guidancecounselor,says unconventional extracurricular activities can help studentsimpress college admissions offices,assuming they demonstrated seriouscommitnent."Again,since one of the big questions high school seniorsmust consider is What makes you unique?,having an uncommon extracurricular activity vs.a conventional one is an advantage,"he wrote inan email.
Experts say demonstrating talent in at least one extracurricular activitycan help in the college admissions process,especially at top-tierundcrgraduatc Institutions
Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricularactivity can be a positive in the admissions process,especially for highlyselective institutions,where having top grades and test scores is notenough,"Katie Kelley,admissions counselor at lvyWise admissionsconsultancy,wrote in an email."Students need to have that quality or hookthat will appeal to admissions officers and allow them to visualize how thestudent might come and enrich their campus community.?
Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on acollege application are beneficial,experts suggest."lf you already knowyour major,baving an extracurricular that fits into that major can be a bigplus."says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunitieswith The Cabbage Patch
Settlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community
center
High school students who have had a strong positive influence ontheir community through an extracurricular activity may impress a collegcand win a scholarshipsays Erica Gwyn,a former math and science magnet program assistant at a public high school who is now executive director ofthe Kaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.assistant at a public high school who is noW cxcculiye director oftheKaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.
【參考答案】
41.Sue Rexford
C.Undertaking too many extracurricular activities will hardly be seen as a plus by colleges.
原文線索:Sue Rexford mentions that it is not necessary for students to list 10 activities in the Common Application,indicating that having a large number of extracurricular activities is not essential.
42.Sara Harberson
E.High school students participating in popular activity should excel in it.
原文線索:Sara Harberson advises that if students are going to do a popular activity,they should be the best at it,emphasizing excelling in the activity rather than just participating.
43.Katie Kelley
A.Students who stand out in a specific extracurricular activity will be favored by top-tier institutions.
原文線索:Katie Kelley states that distinguishing oneself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in the admissions process for highly selective institutions.
44.Mayghin Levine
G.It is advisable for students to choose an extracurricular activity that is related to their future study at college.
Rationale:Mayghin Levine suggests that having an extracurricular activity related to the college major declared on a college application can be a big plus.
45.Erica Gwyn
B.Students whose extracurricular activity has benefited their community are likely to win a scholarship.
原文線索:Erica Gwyn mentions that high school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through an extracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship.
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