2018年考研英語二試題與答案解析
緊張的2021考研初試英語科目考試已經(jīng)結(jié)束了，高頓考研為大家整理了2018年研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試試題（英語二），大家可以對往年題型進(jìn)行比較，希望對大家能夠有所幫助，以下就是《2018年研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試試題（英語二）》。
Section I Use of English
Directions：
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
1Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.
2In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students'willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.
3Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room,the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9_ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.
4The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11_ or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances,for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.
5Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15,however.In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor.Thin ki ng about lon g-term 20 _ is key to reduc ing the possibl e negative effec ts of curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.
1.A.resolve B.protect C.discuss D.ignore
2.A.refuse B.wait C.seek D.regret
3.A.rise
4.A.alert
5.A.message
6.A.remove B.last
B.tie
B.trial
B.weaken C.mislead
C.expose
C.review
C.deliver D.hurt
D.treat
D.concept
D.interrupt
7.A.Unless B.If C.Though D.When
8.A.happen B.continue C.disappear D.change
9.A.rather than B.such as C.regardless of D.owing to
10.A.disagree B.forgive C.forget D.discover
11.A.pay B.marriage C.food D.schooling
12.A.begin with B.rest on C.learn from D.lead to
13.A.withdrawal B.inquiry C.persistence D.diligence
14.A.self-destructive B.self-reliant C.self-evident D.self-deceptive
15.A.resist B.define C.replace D.trace
16.A.predict B.overlook C.design D.conceal
17.A.remember B.choose C.promise D.pretend
18.A.relief B.plan C.outcome D.duty
19.A.whether B.why C.where D.how
20.A.limitations B.investments C.strategies D.consequences
1.A
解析：句首作者提出疑問，“為什么人們會(huì)讀互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的負(fù)面評論和明顯很讓人傷心的其它事情呢？”隨后作者給出答案，“因?yàn)槿藗兌加胁淮_定性的內(nèi)在需求”。[A]解決<B>保護(hù)[C]討論[D]忽視，根據(jù)動(dòng)賓搭配關(guān)系，解決不確定性搭配合理。
2.C
解析：本題考查動(dòng)介詞搭配。根據(jù)原文語境，需要選擇一個(gè)動(dòng)詞和后面的“to”連用。[A]拒絕做...<B>等待做...[C]尋求，力求做...[D]后悔做...結(jié)合文意“人們要滿足他們的好奇心”來判斷，正選為[C]尋求，力求做。
3.D
解析：根據(jù)原文語境，“painful,uncertainty”均為消極詞匯。
4.C
解析：固定搭配考查。根據(jù)原文語境，考查短語sb to sth意為“讓某人承受某事”。因此，C選項(xiàng)為正選。
5.B
解析：根據(jù)上文，第二段句首提到in a series of four experiments,說明是在“實(shí)驗(yàn)”的語境。結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，[A]信息<B>實(shí)驗(yàn)[C]復(fù)習(xí)[D]觀念，只有B選項(xiàng)和段落語境相符合。因此為正選。
6.C
解析：動(dòng)賓搭配。結(jié)合語境，“當(dāng)點(diǎn)擊的時(shí)候，一半的鋼筆會(huì)電流。”根據(jù)動(dòng)賓搭配，本題需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來搭配電流，考查四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，[A]移除<B>削弱[C]傳遞[D]打擾A選項(xiàng)更符合語境。
7.D
解析：時(shí)間狀語的考查。結(jié)合語境，“被獨(dú)自留在房間，學(xué)生會(huì)”,因此，這是一個(gè)非常明顯的時(shí)間
狀語從句。正選為D.
8.A
解析：動(dòng)詞辨析。結(jié)合原文語境，由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾前面的學(xué)生，而在定語從句中，又出現(xiàn)由what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。結(jié)合賓語從句的含義，“知道接下來會(huì)發(fā)生什么”更符合語境。
9.B
解析：結(jié)合語境，后面語境為并列關(guān)系，因此此題應(yīng)填舉例子。B為正選。
10.D
解析：Discover與上文中的Curiosity相對應(yīng)。11 C
解析：本詞與后文的Basic drives的詳細(xì)說明。與shelter一樣都屬于人類的基本需求。12 D
解析：破折號(hào)的內(nèi)容是對前文instinct的解釋。說明這種本能能夠促進(jìn)新的科學(xué)發(fā)展，屬于因果關(guān)系。
13.B
解析：跟前文的drives相對應(yīng)。
14.A
解析：本題與前文的backfire相對應(yīng)，都屬于貶義詞。
15.A
解析：從后文的試驗(yàn)中，參與者應(yīng)該被鼓勵(lì)參與，因此跟前文的堅(jiān)持相對應(yīng)。
16.A
解析：通過后文的after能看出這個(gè)事情并沒有發(fā)生，因此填預(yù)測。
17.B
解析：動(dòng)賓搭配。18：C
解析：of引導(dǎo)的后置定語。由一個(gè)人的好奇心所帶來的結(jié)果。19：A
解析：whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句。20：D
解析：關(guān)聯(lián)對應(yīng)，對應(yīng)18題的outcome.
SectionⅡReading Comprehension
Part A Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or
D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）
Text 1
1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.
2Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,but practical.When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?
3As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything.Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum.They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.
4But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice.Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education“have that stereotype,that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.
5On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rigitfully so.
6But the headl ong push into bachelor’s degrees for all-and the subtle d*uing of anything less-misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens more doors.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.
7In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.
8Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.
21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of.
A.mechanical memorization
B.academic training
C.practical ability
D.pioneering spirit
22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.
A.are financially disadvantaged
B.are not academically successful
C.have a stereotyped mind
D.have no career motivation
23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.
A.are entitled to more“educational privileges
B.are reluctant to work in manufacturing C.used to have more job opportunities
D.used to have big financial concerns
24.The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all.
A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs
B.may narrow the gap in working-class jobs
C.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce
D.indicates the overvaluing of higher education
25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as_.
A.supportive
B.disappointed
C.tolerant
D.cautious
21.答案C practical ability
這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可定位至第二段最后一句話,意思是”什么時(shí)候這種觀點(diǎn)變得可接受了呢？學(xué)生應(yīng)該能夠說出美國第十三任總統(tǒng)的名字，但是卻完全對壞了的自行車鏈?zhǔn)譄o策”。從作者使用問句的形式就可判斷出作者并不接受這種觀點(diǎn)，即學(xué)生只學(xué)會(huì)書本上的知識(shí)而不具備實(shí)際能力。再結(jié)合上一句話即本段第二句話，Mr Koziatek是New Hampshire高中的一名老師，在這所學(xué)校，學(xué)習(xí)不只是書本上的知識(shí)，或者是為了考試，也不是為了機(jī)械化的記憶，而是為了實(shí)際的技能。能看出，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)生們?nèi)鄙俚氖菍?shí)際技能，所以答案是C practical ability.
22.答案B are not academically successful
這是一道具體細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞職業(yè)教育對孩子存在的偏見可定位至第四段最后一句，意思是“在很多職業(yè)化教育的學(xué)校中，有這樣一種老套的思想，那就是，職業(yè)教育是針對那些在學(xué)術(shù)上不能成功的那些孩子的。”根據(jù)這句話可確定答案就是B are not academically successful。其他選項(xiàng)均不符合文意。
23.答案C used to have more job opportunities
這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，根據(jù)題干第五段和high school graduates回到原文定位致第五段第三句，說到美國經(jīng)濟(jì)曾經(jīng)提供給高中畢業(yè)生的那種the job security已經(jīng)在很大程度上evaporated也就是消失了，那說明過去的時(shí)候高中畢業(yè)生是有職業(yè)安全感的，故選C，其他選項(xiàng)都不在定位處，可以排除。
24.答案D indicate the overvaluing of higher education
這是一道事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容“the headlong push”找到出處是第六段開頭But后，發(fā)現(xiàn)后面還有一個(gè)and...和其并列，所以主要關(guān)注對這兩部分的評價(jià)，后面有明顯的標(biāo)點(diǎn)：冒號(hào)出現(xiàn)，冒號(hào)后說that is not the only thing the American economy needs.可以看出這句話對前面的否定，選項(xiàng)中只有
D選項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞overvalue是負(fù)面詞，而且提到主題詞education。故選D。這道題最適合用感情色彩來排除與D相反的其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。
25.答案A supportive
這是一道態(tài)度題，放在最末的態(tài)度題更傾向于到最后一段找答案。通過定位詞Koziatek’s school看到最后一段也確實(shí)提到了，說它是一個(gè)wake-up call。也就是在喚醒人們教育不應(yīng)該是統(tǒng)一的形式，這樣會(huì)overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts，也就是忽視人才的差異性。所以可以看出作者是支持的態(tài)度。
Text2
1While fossil fuels-coal,oil,gas-still generate roughly 85 percent of the world's energy supply,it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world:They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.
2Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted Business to fund cleaner energy sources.But increasingly the stories about the plummeting prices of renewables,especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.
3In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland,for example,wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead,notably China and Europe,the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information Administration.
4President Trump has underlined fossil fuels-especially coal-as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa,he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source,But that message did not play well with many in Iowa,where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state's electricity generation-and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.
5The question“what happens when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn'tshine?"has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage-capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.
6 The advance is driven in par t by vehicle manufacturers,who are placing big bets on battery-powered vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.
7 While there’s a long way to go,the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up--perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Was hington does--or doesn’t do--to promote alternative energy many mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.
26.The word"plummeting"(Line 3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to
A.stabilizing
B.changing
C.falling
D.rising
27.According to Paragraph 3,the use of renewable energy in America
A.is progressing notably
B.is as extensive as in Europe
C.faces many challenges
D.has proved to be impractical
28.It can be learned that in Iowa,
.
A.wind is a widely used energy source
B.wind energy has replaced fossil fuels
C.tech giants are investing in clean energy
D.there is a shortage of clean energy supply
29.Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?
A.Its application has boosted battery storage.
B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.
C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.
D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.
30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.
A.will bring the US closer to other countries
B.will accelerate global environmental change
C.is not really encouraged by the US government
D.is not competitive enough with regard to its cost 26.答案C falling
這是一道詞義句意題，要想知道plummeting的意思，首先要回到原文找線索，即plummeting所在的句子以及上下句，由原文可知，plummeting所在句子是在說現(xiàn)在例如風(fēng)能和太陽能這樣的可再生資源的價(jià)格的問題，plummeting是修飾可再生資源的價(jià)格的，接著二段最后一句就在用具體數(shù)字來證明可再生資源的成本在下降，如太陽能成本下降了百分之八十，風(fēng)能也降到三分之一，由此可知，可再生資源的成本在下降，plummeting的含義是下降的意思。所以選擇C falling。
27.答案A is progressing notably
這是一道具體細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第三段第三句及第四句，意思是“在中國和歐洲等國家已經(jīng)領(lǐng)先時(shí)，美國也在見證著巨大的改變。根據(jù)美國能源信息局報(bào)道，三月份，美國首次使用風(fēng)能和太陽能產(chǎn)生了超過百分之十以上的能源。”這足以說明在美國，可再生能源的使用正在取得顯著地進(jìn)步。所
以答案是A。
28.答案A wind is a widely used energy source
這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第四段第三句，在愛荷華州，風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)點(diǎn)綴著這個(gè)州并提供了此州百分之三十六的電能，并且還吸引了像微軟這樣的科技巨頭公司。因此可判斷，在愛荷華州，風(fēng)能是一種廣泛使用的能源。所以答案是A。
29.答案C its continuous supply is becoming a reality
這是一道是非細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干給出的段落位置，5-6兩段和主題詞clean energy，回到原文的第5
-6段，這兩段都不長，第五段出現(xiàn)了But后講到電池容量的提升a boost in the storage，與A選項(xiàng)不符，并不是因果關(guān)系，故排除；B選項(xiàng)說道廣泛用在制造業(yè)也不符合原文第六段第一句；而D選項(xiàng)和原文第六段最后一句是語義相反的，故也排除；正確選項(xiàng)C是和這句話語義一致的，也是和全文主題一致的，故為正確答案。
30.答案C is not really encouraged by the US government
這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，題干問“根據(jù)最后一段可以推斷出來可再生能源怎么了”，回到原文最后一段第一句就表明盡管還有很長一段路要走，可再生能源發(fā)展的趨勢在增強(qiáng)。后面也提到改變的節(jié)奏在加快，對slowing氣候變化有meaningful effect，所以可以看出B選項(xiàng)accelerate...是不對的，D選項(xiàng)中提到的價(jià)格不具有競爭力不在本段當(dāng)中，也應(yīng)排除。剩下的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都提到了美國，就應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)看最后一句，最后一句提到華盛頓政府做或不做什么都may mean less and less...所以可以看出美國不應(yīng)該是和其他國家更近，排除A，所以選C，美國不是真正支持可再生能源的。
Text 3
1The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn,but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the What’s App messaging service,which doesn’t have any physical product at all.What What’s App offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.
2 Facebook promis ed the European commiss ion then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities,but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.Even without knowing what was in the messages,the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.What political journalist,what party whip,would not want to know the makeup of the What’s App groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops of owns,but the records of which customers have purchased what.
3Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power.But it is clumsy.For one thing,it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy.By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace,to be replaced by new abuses of power.But there is a deeper conceptual problem,too.Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them.The users of their services are not their customers.That would be the people who buy advertising from them—
and Face book and Go ogle,the two virtual giants,dominate digi tal ad ver ti si ng to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.
4The product they’re selling is data,and we,the users,convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants.Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce whe
31.According to Paragraph1，F(xiàn)acebook acquired WhatsApp for its。A．digital products
B.user information
C.physical assets
D.quality service
32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may
A.worsen political disputes
B.mess up customer records
C.pose a risk to Facebook users
D.mislead the European commission
33.According to the author，competition law
A.should serve the new market powers
B.may worsen the economic imbalance
C.should not provide just one legal solution
D.cannot keep pace with the changing market
34.Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because
A.they are no defined as customers
B.they are not financially reliable
C.these services are generally digital
D.the services are paid for by advertisers
35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate
A.a win-win business model between digital giants
B.a typical competition pattern among digital giants
C.the benefits provided for digital giants'customers
D.the relationship between digital giants and their users
31.答案［B］user information
解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第一段第二句。該句提到兩年前Facebook花了更多的錢獲得了WhatsApp的信息服務(wù)。接著提到WhatsApp提供給Facebook的是關(guān)于其用戶的朋友圈以及社會(huì)生活等具體精煉的信息。由此可知，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。
32.答案［C］pose a risk to Facebook users
解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞linking the phone number定位第二段第一句。該句提到Facebook向歐洲委員會(huì)承諾不會(huì)把用戶的電話號(hào)與Facebook的身份認(rèn)證連系到一起，但是協(xié)議通過之后Facebook立馬失信。接下來提到“甚至都不清楚信息里面都有什么，也不知誰發(fā)的消息，發(fā)送的目的又是什么”。因此，可能會(huì)給用戶造成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此C項(xiàng)符合文意。
33.答案［D］cannot keep pace with the changing market
解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞competition law定位到第三段第一句。該句指出“競爭法似乎成為解決這些不平等權(quán)力的唯一辦法，但是此法案太過笨拙”。下一句提到“一方面，相比于數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)變化的速度，此法案發(fā)展是非常緩慢的”。由此可知，該法案跟不上當(dāng)前市場變化的步伐。因此D項(xiàng)為正確答案。
34.答案［D］the services are paid for by advertisers.
解析：根據(jù)題目中的because可確定為因果細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中的信息出現(xiàn)在第三段后半部分，是題目中的原詞competition law as presently interpreted，而原因在其后面的句子。下文寫到，the users of their services are not，讀到這里的not，一定要找而是誰。繼續(xù)讀下一句，That would be the people who buy ad ver ti si ng from them…，與選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)，可得出［D］the services are paid for by advertisers。
35.答案［D］the relationship between digital giants and their users.
解析：根據(jù)題目中is used to illustrate可判斷為例證題，要找到the ants analogy論據(jù)所證明的論點(diǎn)；論點(diǎn)在論據(jù)之前，因此先找到論據(jù)the ants analogy，再找到論據(jù)前的論點(diǎn)句。所以本題定位到最后一段的第一句，The product…is data，and we…convert our lives to data…。此句中，data即digital giants，we即users。因此答案為［D］the relationship between digital giants and their users.
Text 4
1To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep Work:Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World,recommends building a habit of“deep work”
-the ability to focus without distraction.
2There are a number of approaches to mas tering the art of deep work-be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a“journalistic”approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.
3Newport also recommends“deep scheduling”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point,I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar,I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,”he writes.
4Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities your day
-in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford,author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.
5While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it come to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.
6In order to make the most of our focus and energy,we also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”
7“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.
8Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Har vard Medical School,believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate.When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.
9“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain.”says Pillay.
36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to _
A.seize every minute to work
B.list you immediate tasks
C.make specific daily plans
D.Keep to your focus time
37.The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that
A.students are hardly motivated by monthly goals
B.detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected
C.distractions may actually increase efficiency
D.daily schedules arc indispensable to studying
38.According to Newport,idleness is-
A.a desirable mental state for busy people
B.a major contributor to physical health
C.an effective way to save time and energy
0.an essential factor in accomplishing any work
39.Pillay believes that our brain’s shift between being focused and unfocused
A.can bring about greater efficiency
B.can result in psychological well-being
C.is driven by task urgency
D.is aimed at better balance in work
40.This text is mainly about
A.approaches to getting more done in less time
B.Ways to relieve the tension of busy life
C.The key to eliminating distractions
D.The cause of the lack of focus time
36.答案［D］keep to your focus time
解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的mastering the art of deep work定位到第二段首句。該句指出“有很多種掌握深度工作的方法-不論是專注于指定工作時(shí)長時(shí)間的后退，或者養(yǎng)成慣例，還是當(dāng)你一天有閑暇之余采用紀(jì)實(shí)的方式捕捉深度工作的瞬間”。接著提到“不論是那種方式，關(guān)鍵在于確定你的專注力時(shí)間長度并保持專注”。由此可知，D項(xiàng)為正確答案。
37.答案［B］detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected
解析：例證題。根據(jù)題干時(shí)間信息1980s以及Harford定位到第四段與第五段。第四段首句指出另一種短時(shí)間做更多事情的方法是反思怎么才能優(yōu)先處理好你的一天-特別是制作我們待辦事項(xiàng)的方法。接著作者舉例大學(xué)生們分成小組每天做各種詳細(xì)復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。第五段首句用while畫風(fēng)一轉(zhuǎn)，表示這種復(fù)雜的任務(wù)讓學(xué)生們感到消極，并表示工作中難免會(huì)分散注意力，這將影響日常待辦事項(xiàng)的效率?？芍?，作者用反面例子來論證觀點(diǎn)，即復(fù)雜的計(jì)劃可能沒有像期望的那樣有效果。故選B項(xiàng)。
38.答案［D］an essential factor in accomplishing any work.
解析：根據(jù)題目Newport得出本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題中的文中人物觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)題干中的idleness可定位到倒數(shù)第三段，idlenes s is not，讀到這里依然需要看下文，下面提到it is as…as…，is necessary to getting any work done。再對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)，可直接選出［D］an essential factor in accomplishing any work。
39.答案［A］can bring about greater efficiency.
解析：根據(jù)題目中的Pillay believes可得出本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題中的文中人物觀點(diǎn)題型。根據(jù)題目中的信息，可以定位到倒數(shù)第二段最后一句，明確指出they tend to be more efficient。然后對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)得出［A］can bring about greater efficiency。
40.答案［A］approaches to getting more done in less time.
解析：根據(jù)題目的mainly about可知為文章主旨題，首先可以通過題目的復(fù)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容找與文章主旨有關(guān)的
詞匯，題目中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了focus內(nèi)容，可判斷與人們的注意力有。其次，文章主旨一般在開篇第一段或第二段會(huì)出現(xiàn)，第一段引用Cal Newport的觀點(diǎn)指出focus without distraction話題，第二段就提到了主題approaches to mas tering thd art of deep work，此刻主題已明確，并且第四段有明顯的證明another approach。所以本題選［A］approaches to getting more done in less time。
Part B
Directions:
Re ad th e followin g te xt and answer th e qu estions by choosin g th e most suita ble subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
A.Be present
B.Just say it
C.Ask for an opinion
D.Find the＂me too＂s
E.Name,places,things
F.skip the small talk
G.Pay a unique compliment
Five ways to make conversation with anyone
Conversations are links,which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day:the grocery worker,the cab driver,new people at work or the security guard at the door.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the fit move and start a conversation with strangers.
41.
Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”-this is something that mostly happens with all of us.You wanted to say something-the first word-but it just won’t come out,it feels like it is stuck somewhere.l know the feeling and here is my advice:just get it out.Just think:what is the worst that could happen?They won’t talk with you?Well,they are not talking you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything will just flow.I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.So keep it simple"hi","hey"or"hello"-do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can,put on a big smile and say"hi".
42.
It’s a problem all of us face;you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly,if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”,”how are you?”and“what’s going on?”,you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions.Trust me,you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.
43.
When you meet a person for the first time,make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point.When you start conversation from there and then move outwards,you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.
44.
Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone,and if you ask for their attention you get the response“I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you,just be in that communication wholeheartedly.Make eye contact.Trust me,eye contact is where all the magic happens.When you make eye contact,you can feel the conversation.
45.
You all came into a conversation where you first met the person,but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name.Isn’t that awkward!So,remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with;perhaps the places they have been to.the places they want to go,the things they like,the things they hate-whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in their well being.So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.
That’s it.Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone.Every person is a really good book to read,or to have a conversation with!
41.選B。該小標(biāo)題需要涵蓋三段內(nèi)容。第一段開始說到你想跟陌生人說話，但是“it just won’t come out”，提到說話說不出來，隨后直接出現(xiàn)我的建議“My advice：just get it out“，即去說。所以選B：Just say it去說
42，選F。該小標(biāo)題下第一段第一句話就說了你時(shí)間有限“you have limited time”，然后說到如果陷到寒暄當(dāng)中“hi，hello，how are you，what is going on”會(huì)讓對話沒法令人印象深刻。下一段“So”表明結(jié)論，去問更多個(gè)人問題“personal questions”，所以選F：Skip the small talk跳過寒暄
43.選D。第一句話就說到了第一次交談要找到共同點(diǎn)“have in common”，從這個(gè)共同點(diǎn)“that point”來開展對話“build the conversation”，所以選D：find the“me too”s找到共同點(diǎn)
44.選A。第一段先舉例，說你跟人講心事時(shí)，別人分心干別的。然后下一段“So”表明結(jié)論，人家跟你溝通，你要全心投入“wholeheartedly”。所以選A：Be Present，在現(xiàn)場，也就是要專注的意思。
45，選E。第一句話就提到了忘記只見過一面的人的名字“name”。“So”后面又提到回憶地點(diǎn)“places”和好惡的事情“things”等細(xì)節(jié)，所以選E：Name，places，things
Section III Translation
46.Directions：
Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations.He ticks“astronaut”but quickly adds“scientist”to the list and selects it as well.The boy is convinced that if he reads enough,he can explore as many career paths as he likes.And so he reads—ev er ything from encyclopedias to sci ence fiction novels.He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a“no reading policy”at the dinner table.
That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet.Nowadays,his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books:recently,he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year.Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore”,Gates says.
解析：
第1句中to select his future career path做后置定語，對a homework assignment的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行說明。第2句中add...to...譯為“將。。。添加至。。。”；as well譯為“也”。第3句中sb.Be convinced that...譯為“某人確信”。第4句中encyclopedias是encyclopedia的復(fù)數(shù)形式，“百科全書”。第5句中so...that句型譯為“如此。。。以至于。。。”，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。第6句中，破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容對前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。第7句中science fiction譯為“科幻小說”；that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year為賓語從句，revealed譯為“透露”；nonfiction books譯為“非虛構(gòu)類圖書”。第8句中because為原因狀語從句，指出比爾。蓋茨選擇閱讀非虛構(gòu)類圖書的原因。第9句中open up譯為“提供，打開”，可引申為“開辟”。
【試題譯文】：
一個(gè)五年級(jí)的學(xué)生收到一份家庭作業(yè)：即從一系列職業(yè)中選擇自己未來的職業(yè)道路。他勾劃了“宇航員”，但很快由將“科學(xué)家”添加到列表中，并也將其選中。這個(gè)男孩相信，如果他讀得足夠多，他就可以探索盡可能多的他喜歡的職業(yè)道路。所以他讀書廣泛——從百科全書到科幻小說。他讀得如此投入，以至于他的父母不得不制定一個(gè)：在餐桌上的“不讀書政策”。
那個(gè)男孩就是比爾蓋茨，他沒有停止閱讀，甚至在他成為這個(gè)星球上最成功的人士之一后，仍舊沒有停下來?，F(xiàn)在，他的閱讀材料已經(jīng)不再是科幻小說和工具書了：最近據(jù)他所說，他一年內(nèi)至少讀了50本非科幻小說。比爾蓋茨選擇非科幻小說類書籍，是因?yàn)檫@類書籍解釋了世界是如何運(yùn)作的。“每本書都開辟了新的知識(shí)探索渠道。”蓋茨說。
Section IV Writing
Part A
47.
Directions:
Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith.Write him an email to
1)Apologize and explain the situation,and
2)Suggest a future meeting
You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.
Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter,use“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)
Dear Prof.Smith,
I am sorry to tell you that I have to cancel my travel plan to your city for some reasons,thus I am afraid that I couldn't visit you according to the due course.So I am writing for the purpose of extending my sincere apology to you.
Actually,I miss you very much,but I received a notice suddenly that I have to attend an exam if I would love to apply for an opportunity for further study abroad.Nevertheless I haven’t prepared for it very well.Hence I have to spend more time and energy on it.
Please accept my heartfelt apology again!I am really sorry for any inconvenience I caused.And I am honorable to ask if I could make another appointment with you.I am looking forward to your response at your earliest convenience.Regards!
Yours faithfully,
Li Ming解析：道歉信是書信類小作文中為首的幾個(gè)超級(jí)簡單的信件種類之一。而建議信是考察次數(shù)最多的
信件，一直都是重中之重。而道歉信和建議信的開頭和結(jié)尾，實(shí)際上都可應(yīng)用所謂的功能句。因?yàn)榈狼负徒ㄗh的表達(dá)很簡單，就那么幾種，考前也都讓學(xué)生背誦了必備道歉句和建議句型。
具體到這篇考題的框架設(shè)計(jì)上，也可以給大家簡單解析下。首先必然三段論。由于是寫給認(rèn)識(shí)的教授，所以屬于私人書信類。那么第一段開門見山，兩句話即可搞定。一句問候語加上一句寫作目的。各種問候語萬能句型加寫作目的句模板都是我課上要求學(xué)生必背的。例如問候語How are you getting on with your life recently?你最近怎么樣?寫作目的，即你為什么寫這封信。寫信是為了告訴教授不能去看望它了。例如I,to be frank,am writing the letter to apologize to you for that I am afraid I cannot visit you as agreed.坦白來講，我寫這封信是因?yàn)橄胂蚰狼?，因?yàn)榭峙挛也荒苋缂s地去看望您了。
第二段是提綱要點(diǎn)的闡述，即我們要用三句話左右來闡述第一點(diǎn)提綱，即解釋下情況，為什么不能去看望教授的原因。此篇小作文的原因如果多個(gè)的話則不適宜。所以需要對原因進(jìn)行具體闡述，三句話左右足夠。當(dāng)然我們還有個(gè)課上講過的小技巧。首句可以寫一個(gè)主題句，再加上原因具體闡述。主題即第二段的主題。例如主題句：我取消旅行計(jì)劃不能去看您的原因如下。例如：我的哥哥嫂子臨時(shí)出差，小侄子還很小，家里無人照料，我必須要去照顧他。在這里提醒同學(xué)們，原因不要花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間去思考。編造的合情合理即可，如我隨便舉的例子這樣簡單即可。因?yàn)樾∽魑牟恍枰v究辭藻，只要能將提綱要點(diǎn)表達(dá)清楚和完整，不出現(xiàn)語言、格式和語域的錯(cuò)誤，就是一篇合格的小作文了。把更多的精力花在大作文上才是明智的策略。
最后一段建議句加上祝福語或期待回信就可以搞定了。如果字?jǐn)?shù)不夠，還可以表達(dá)你不能去的遺憾之情。建議句是提綱要求的第二點(diǎn)，一句話闡述即可。如：非常遺憾這次不能見到您，如果您方便的情況下，下個(gè)暑假我可以去看望您嗎?祝福語和期待回信則太簡單了，上課都要求必背的句子。如：I am looking forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience.With my best wishes!期待著你早日回信。謹(jǐn)致以最良好祝愿!
Part B
48.Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should
1)interpret the chart,and
2)give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
參考范文：
The pie chart above evidently illustrates various target elements in terms of consumers’choosing restaurants in a certain city in 2017.To be specific.distinguishing feature took a lion’s
share,accounting for approximately 36.3%.While service and surroundings made up around 26.8%and 24.2%respectively.However,the least proportions were price and other factors,occupying roughly 8%and 4.7%.
What triggers this phenomenon?Maybe at least two reasons can be identified to contribute to this matter.But the most important is that along with the development of economy,people’s living standards have been improved remarkably,as a consequence of which,an increasing amount of individuals focus on superior service and favorable surroundings when they choose restaurants rather than price.Simultaneously,there is another essential factor that after resolving the issue of food and clothing,quite a few consumers’food conception has transformed dramatically,to the extent that they increasingly pursue spiritual consumption,which should be also taken into account.
Based on what has been discussed above:a conclusion can be drawn safely that more up-scale food services will be prevailing in modern food market.And it is predictable that those restaurants with favorable service:distinctive features and excellent circumstances will be beloved by more customers in some years ahead.However,it is advisable for the public to consume rationally,avoiding extravagance and waste.
2018考研英語（二）試題大作文解析：一.審題
該圖表反應(yīng)某市消費(fèi)者選擇餐廳時(shí)的關(guān)注因素，很明顯，現(xiàn)在的大部分消費(fèi)者在選擇就餐餐廳時(shí)，已經(jīng)不再過度關(guān)注價(jià)格，而變得更加注重享受，關(guān)注因素更多地放在了特色，環(huán)境，服務(wù)方面。可見，由于國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，人們的生活水平日益提高，人們在外出就餐時(shí)，更加注重個(gè)人享受方面的因素。這種消費(fèi)類話題，是重點(diǎn)給同學(xué)們提到的社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)之消費(fèi)類話題，所有的消費(fèi)類，例如，沖刺講義上的網(wǎng)上購物人數(shù)分布，購買智能家居電器等等，都屬于消費(fèi)類話題，二三段的原因分析和總結(jié)都可以直接套用。
二.謀篇布局
第一段：描述圖表。針對這種餅狀圖，我們在課堂上，屢次給大家提到了餅狀圖的分析思路和可直接套用的模板。只要大家按照餅狀圖的模板，再結(jié)合主題詞的翻譯，可以在很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)搞定第一段。另外，第一段一個(gè)很重要的部分就是標(biāo)題文字翻譯，不過，在課堂上，老師專門帶領(lǐng)大家重點(diǎn)專題練習(xí)過標(biāo)題文字的翻譯方法，所以，在翻譯時(shí)，從后往前翻，其他的處理為后置定語，時(shí)間狀語，地點(diǎn)狀語等即可。標(biāo)題翻譯為：focusing factors of customers in a city when choosing a restaurant in 2017。接下來就可以直接套用首段餅狀圖模板：Emerging from the clearly depicted pie chart is the distribution of focusing factors of citizens in a city when choosing a restaurant in 2017,consisting of 4 parts,which are features,service,environment,price and other factors.Among
them,the proportion of service,environment,price and other factors is 26.8%,23.8%,8.4%and 4.7%respectively.By contrast,the factor of focusing on features of the restaurant is in the lead,accounting for 36.3%.
第二段：分析原因。圖表所呈現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象是消費(fèi)者在外出就餐時(shí)，更注重個(gè)人享受，而不是單純的價(jià)格優(yōu)惠?？梢?，引起這種現(xiàn)象的原因很明顯，可以從兩個(gè)角度去展開分析：1.國家經(jīng)濟(jì)和個(gè)人財(cái)富的發(fā)展;2.人們生活水平的日益提高。這兩條消費(fèi)類話題的原因分析，之前在沖刺課堂上，我們練習(xí)的網(wǎng)上購物，購買智能家居電器的文章，都可以直接套用，替換主題詞即可。What has triggered this phenomenon?To begin with,with the fast development of national economy and personal wealth,people in China have stepped into an era of enjoying life,transforming traditional pattern of living.Therefore,such a great proportion of citizens are more likely to focus on the features of a restaurant,instead of only concentrating on the price.Moreover,in a society where living standard is highly advocated,citizens in mounting numbers in China,shrugging off their former habit of focusing on lower price,gradually find the service and environment of a restaurant are essential factors.According to a survey conducted by China Research Center,up to 87%Chinese people prefer to choose a comfortable and fashionable restaurant when they go out for eating.
第三段：提出自身見解，加以合理展望。第三段簡單介紹下這種趨勢的發(fā)展情況，預(yù)測這種趨勢還會(huì)這樣持續(xù)下去。課堂上給大家整理出來的結(jié)尾段，可以直接套用，不用做任何的調(diào)整。Taking into account what has been argued so far,I am inclined to think about the current situation is normal.In view of the analysis above,it can be predicted that the trend will continue in the future.Accordingly,it is of no necessity for the public to regard it with too much consideration.
總而言之，2018年的英語二大作文，繼續(xù)延續(xù)了歷年的出題特點(diǎn)，只要大家把課堂上講過的社會(huì)消費(fèi)類熱點(diǎn)話題合理套用，可以很快寫出一篇高質(zhì)量的文章。最后祝大家考研金榜題名!
以上就是【2018年考研英語二試題與答案解析】的全部解答，如果你想學(xué)習(xí)更多考研相關(guān)知識(shí)，歡迎大家前往高頓教育官網(wǎng)考研頻道！