1. An analyst gathered information about three economic variables, He noted that whenever variable A increased by one unit, variable B increased by 0.6 units but variable C decreased by 0.6 units. The correlation between variables A and B and the correlation between variables A and C respectively, are closest to:

 

 

Correlation between variables A and B

Correlation between variables A and C

A

0.6

-1.0

B

1.0

-1.0

D

1.0

-0.6

 

        Correct answer =B 
        Calculate and interpret a sample covariance and a sample correlation coefficient. The relationship between variables A and B is perfect positive correlation (1.0) and the relationship between variables A and C is perfect negative correlation (-1.0).

        CORRELATION的含義是什么?a增長1時b增長0.6 他們的相關系數為什么不是0.6? 因為根據題目的意思,是在判斷A和B,A和C的相關系數,相關系數是指兩者的變化方向,而不是兩者的變化幅度關系,如果在兩個變量的變化過程中,A上升時,B總是上升,或者A下降時,B總是下降,說明A和B是完全正相關;否則,完全負相關。 題目中的0.6是指兩者的變化幅度之間的變化,是指一個變量變化一個單位,另一個變量變化是前一個變量的幾倍,這是指Beta系數。 Beta=Cov(A,B)/var(B)=相關系數×標準差(A)/ 標準差(B)

 

        2. An  analyst gathered the following information ($ millions) about the performance  of a portfolio:
  

Quarter

Value at      Beginningof Quarter
          (prior to inflow or outflow)

Cash Inflow      (Outflow)
          At Beginning of Quarter

Value at End of      Quarter

1

2.0

0.3

2.4

2

2.4

0.2

2.6

3

2.6

(0.3)

3.2

4

3.2

1.0

4.0


        The portfolio's  annual time-weighted rate of return is closest to:
        A.18%.
        B.  29%.
        C.  38%.
        Correct answer = C
        The time-weighted rate of return is calculated by  computing the quarterly holding period returns and linking those returns into  an annual return:
        1.0435 x 1 x 1.3913 x 0.9524 = 1.3827
        1.3827 - 1 = 0.3827 or 38.2%
        提問:各個季度的收益率是怎么計算出來的 題中的cash flow(outflow) at beginning of quarter是什么意思 是股利嗎???關于cash flow(outflow) at beginning of quarter是指Cash flow是指流入的現金流,為正,outflow是指流出的現金流,為負; 因為是在每一季度開始的時候有的cash inflow和cash outflow,所以應該把cash flow加在起初的value上。 Quarter 1: HPR = 2.4 / (2.0 + 0.3) = 1.0435(期初的價值為2,又流入了0.3,所以期初為2.3) Quarter 2: HPR = 2.6 / (2.4 + 0.2) = 1Quarter 3: HPR = 3.2 / (2.6 – 0.3) = 1.3913(期初的價值為2.6,又流出了0.3,所以期初為2.6-0.3=2.3) Quarter 4: HPR = 4.0 / (3.2 + 1.0) = 0.9524time-weighted rate of return = 1.0435 x 1 x 1.3913 x 0.9524-1= 1.3827-1=38.2%這題給的是季度收益率,而不是年化的,所以不用開3次方。
 

  
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