新題型篇
41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signal
解析：同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。該篇首段主要對(duì)眼神對(duì)視進(jìn)行整體介紹，首句為該段的主題句“In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way.”意為：在社交場(chǎng)合，和別人的眼神交流可以表明你在友好地關(guān)注對(duì)方。所以小標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是對(duì)該句話的總結(jié)，關(guān)鍵詞friendly，直接作為定位詞確定C 選項(xiàng)，即眼神交流是一種友好的社交信號(hào)。
42. E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated
解析：主題句概括。該段首句確定主題句“Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded.”即神經(jīng)學(xué)家Bonnie Augeung發(fā)現(xiàn)，在一次簡(jiǎn)短的面試中，當(dāng)被試者的目光方向被記錄下來時(shí)，催產(chǎn)素會(huì)增加被試者對(duì)采訪者的目光接觸。其中提到“hormone oxytocin”表示催產(chǎn)素，即化學(xué)因素，從而確定E選項(xiàng)“人們正在研究眼神接觸背后的生物因素”為正確選項(xiàng)。
43. G Eye contact can also be aggressive.
解析：總分結(jié)構(gòu)理解。英語文章往往采取總分結(jié)構(gòu)，即如果首句主題句不理解，可以通過后文輔助理解。第三段主要談?wù)摰?ldquo;eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages”即眼神交流可以傳達(dá)不同的信息，緊接著進(jìn)一步闡釋眼神交流可以是“a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations在友好的情況下表示聯(lián)系或信任”也更可以是“dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations 在敵對(duì)情況下的支配或恐嚇。”所以我們可以確定首段提到的眼神交流是一種友好社交信號(hào)之外，還可以是aggressive侵略性的，咄咄逼人的，即G為確定答案。
44. A Eye fixactions are brief
解析：總分結(jié)構(gòu)理解。第四段首句“When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth.”即當(dāng)我們看著一張臉或一幅畫時(shí)，我們的眼睛會(huì)一次停留在一個(gè)點(diǎn)上，通常是在眼睛或嘴巴上。如果只是單純看第一句話還不是很確定該段的主題句是什么，但英語短文往往是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，所以需要再往后看一下，從而有助于我們理解，后一句提到“These pauses typically occur at about three per second”即這些停頓通常以每秒三次的速度出現(xiàn)，three per second從而確定眼睛注視的時(shí)間很短，從而確定主題句核心即A選項(xiàng)正確。
45. D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact
解析：同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。第五段首句“In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance”提到在神經(jīng)質(zhì)測(cè)試中得分高的人，目光接觸會(huì)引發(fā)更多與回避有關(guān)的活動(dòng)。神經(jīng)質(zhì)是一種與自我意識(shí)和焦慮有關(guān)的人格維度。也就是說神經(jīng)質(zhì)會(huì)影響眼神接觸，神經(jīng)質(zhì)是一種人格，從而確定D選項(xiàng)正確。除此之外，還可以通過同義復(fù)現(xiàn)的技巧來判斷，personality作為主題句的關(guān)鍵詞直接確定D選項(xiàng)。
 
 翻譯篇
46. with the Church's teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medi* and modern periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.解析：難度系數(shù)：★★★★★詞匯難點(diǎn)：teachings“教義”；bridge the gap“縮短差距”；eclipse“使..黯然失色”； Renaissance“文藝復(fù)興”；Medi*“中世紀(jì)的”，intellectual territories“知識(shí)領(lǐng)域”語法難點(diǎn)：with引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，翻譯成“隨著”，其中the Church’s teachings and ways of thinking為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，作獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的主語；被動(dòng)語態(tài)：the gap between the Medi* and modern periods had been bridged鴻溝被彌合。譯文：隨著教會(huì)的教義和思維方式在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期黯然失色，中世紀(jì)和現(xiàn)代時(shí)期的鴻溝已經(jīng)被彌合，一些新的未被探索過的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域隨之興起。
 
47. Before each of their revelations many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geo-centric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.解析：難度系數(shù)： ★★★☆☆詞匯難點(diǎn)：revelations“啟示，揭露”；thinkers“思想家”；sustain“保持，支撐”語法難點(diǎn)：同位語從句：the geo-centric view that…：that引導(dǎo)的從句是view“觀點(diǎn)”具體內(nèi)容的展開譯文：在他們每一個(gè)思想公布之前，當(dāng)時(shí)的很多思想家保持著更加古老的思維方式，包括地球中心說即地球是我們宇宙的中心。
 
48. Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.解析：難度系數(shù)： ★★★★☆詞匯難點(diǎn)：suppress“鎮(zhèn)壓，壓制”；rationalists“理性主義者”；function“運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”語法難點(diǎn)：for how the universe functioned，為for引導(dǎo)的介詞短語作后置定語，修飾explanations，how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句為for的賓語；at a rate that…that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾rate.翻譯技巧：詞性轉(zhuǎn)化，attempts翻譯是名詞翻譯成動(dòng)詞；調(diào)語序：后置定語提前more explanations后面for引導(dǎo)的介詞短語,翻譯時(shí)提前；被動(dòng)變主動(dòng)，explanations…were being made此處可以變成主動(dòng)，翻譯成“解釋出現(xiàn)”譯文：盡管教會(huì)嘗試鎮(zhèn)壓這股新生的邏輯學(xué)家和理性主義者，但是越來越多的有關(guān)宇宙如何運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的解釋出現(xiàn)，速度之快，讓人難以忽視。
 
49. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era.解析：難度系數(shù)： ★★☆☆☆詞匯難點(diǎn)：took on the duty of…“承擔(dān)。。。的責(zé)任” ，integrate…into…“將...融入到…”語法難點(diǎn)：As引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，翻譯成“當(dāng)”；譯文：當(dāng)更多的人承擔(dān)起將理性、科學(xué)哲理融入世界的責(zé)任時(shí)，文藝復(fù)興時(shí)代結(jié)束，進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新紀(jì)元。
 
50. Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase' sapere aude' or' dare to know',解析：難度系數(shù)： ★★★☆☆語法難點(diǎn)：to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew為to do不定式短語作后置定語，修飾前面的actions，其中第二個(gè)to do不定式的賓語為what引導(dǎo)的從句。譯文：這種以尋求知識(shí)和理解我們已知信息的行為在拉丁語中被稱為“sapere aude”，即“勇于嘗試”。