一、原文：
①It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. ②Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. ③English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. ④Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.
話題：字母順序帶來的歧視（不公）
二、步驟
1.分意群（根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞分意群：標(biāo)點(diǎn)前、連詞前、介詞前、動(dòng)詞前）
2.定屬性（根據(jù)意群的相對位置定屬性：連接詞后是“從句”、）
3.調(diào)語序（根據(jù)屬性調(diào)整意群的語序：定語提前或名詞反復(fù)說兩遍、狀語提前）
4.理翻譯（根據(jù)調(diào)整后的語序調(diào)整翻譯：結(jié)合語境和單詞感覺，調(diào)整措辭和翻譯）
三、演練
1.分意群：
It has long been known //that a taxi firm /called AAAA cars /has a big advantage /over Zodiac cars //when customers /thumb through their phone directories. 
它早被人們知道/一家出租車公司/叫作AAAA cars/有一個(gè)很大的優(yōu)勢/比Zodiac cars//當(dāng)顧客/翻閱他們的電話簿。
2.定屬性：
①It + 謂語動(dòng)詞（或系表）+ that，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句后置，用it代替主語，為形式主語
It has long been known that ......
正常主謂賓語序應(yīng)該為 That...... has long been known，由于主語太長，所以通常后置
②名詞+過去分詞-ed，過去分詞作后置定語，修飾前面的名詞
called AAAA cars：被“稱作AAAA cars的”
當(dāng)一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞（沒有并列連詞），必然只有一個(gè)是作謂語，has、be等一定是作謂語動(dòng)詞；-ed形式的動(dòng)詞，可以是過去時(shí)（此時(shí)是謂語動(dòng)詞），也可能是過去分詞（此時(shí)作定語）。區(qū)分過去時(shí)和過去分詞的方法就是看該動(dòng)詞前面名詞的關(guān)系，如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，如被稱作“AAAA cars”的出租車公司，為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即為過去分詞作定語。
③主句+when狀語從句，when從句翻譯在主句前：“當(dāng)......時(shí)”
when customers thumb through their phone directories
3.調(diào)語序：
①名詞+過去分詞，過去分詞作后置定語
a taxi firm called AAAA cars
翻譯成“名為AAAA的出租車公司”
②has a big advantage over Zodiac cars
over在這里表示比較的意思，翻譯在前面：“比Zodiac出租公司更有優(yōu)勢”
4.理翻譯：
難點(diǎn)：cars；over；AAAA及Zodiac；big；thumb through
cars在這里可以不用翻譯
over在這里表比較的意思，或者優(yōu)于
big advantage中big不翻譯成“大”，翻譯為“更有優(yōu)勢”就行
AAAA及Zodiac這樣的英文大寫字母專有名詞，在翻譯時(shí)可以直接照抄，直接翻譯成AAAA及Zodiac
thumb拇指，thumb through表示翻尋、翻閱的意思
四、理解
It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. 
全句翻譯：長久以來人們都知道，當(dāng)顧客翻尋電話號碼簿的時(shí)候，名為AAAA的出租公司就比名為Zodiac的公司更有優(yōu)勢。