食品安全永遠(yuǎn)都是牽動(dòng)大眾神經(jīng)的事情。自從一百多年前，美國作家厄普頓·辛克萊寫了《屠場》，這本原想打動(dòng)公眾的心,卻不料擊中了他們的胃，隨后迅速通過了美國歷史上*9部有關(guān)食品安全的法案。
　　在中國，食品安全的法律早就有了，但是食品安全問題還是屢見不鮮。要解決這個(gè)問題，筆者認(rèn)為首先需要有一個(gè)全局的思路，形成健康的行業(yè)生態(tài)。而不是頭痛醫(yī)頭，腳痛醫(yī)腳。
　　CIMA研究基金曾經(jīng)資助英國樸茨茅斯大學(xué)的Lisa Jack教授對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品及食品行業(yè)進(jìn)行研究，并發(fā)表題為《從農(nóng)場到餐桌》的報(bào)告。
　　報(bào)告針對英國市場，為食物鏈上的各參與方提供了以下幾點(diǎn)建議：
　　1 生產(chǎn)者需要了解自己的成本，才能獲得一個(gè)公平合理的回報(bào)，以維持長期可持續(xù)的生產(chǎn)與養(yǎng)殖。
　　2 關(guān)于成本的信息需要在整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈上進(jìn)行分享。
　　3 供應(yīng)商應(yīng)該和客戶之間簽署書面的供應(yīng)協(xié)議。交易透明化有助于供應(yīng)商與客戶就價(jià)格、數(shù)量、折扣、促銷等事宜與客戶進(jìn)行公平的協(xié)商。
　　4 食物鏈條上的各參與方可以采取協(xié)作的模式。
　　5 消費(fèi)者需要更好的理解他們自己的行為對于整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈的影響，尤其是他們自己的消費(fèi)偏好對于成本的影響。例如當(dāng)飼料價(jià)格上漲的時(shí)候，肉類價(jià)格當(dāng)然要上漲，如果消費(fèi)者對動(dòng)物福利有要求，那么也需要承擔(dān)這個(gè)成本。
　　6 盡量減少各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的浪費(fèi)。
　　7 客戶要對供應(yīng)商采取長期合作的態(tài)度。短期協(xié)議，不確定的采購量都會(huì)嚴(yán)重打擊供應(yīng)商。
　　The conclusions of the report suggest the following way forward for participants in the food supply chain:
　　1 Producers need to understand their costs to achieve a fair return. They need to build in costs for animal welfare, ‘customisation’ to supermarkets’ demands,and most importantly to set a target return which makes a contribution to long-term costs and sustainable production.
　　2 Information on costs should be shared within the chain. Basic co-operative agreements, greater sharing of information and cost-based contracts with customers are all possible solutions to tight margins. Even if peers or neighbouring stages in the supply chain are reluctant, traditional sources of information can be exploited, including farm circles, attendance at livestock markets and reading trade press. One useful technique suggested by a farmer is to play more than one role in the supply chain ‘if you produce a crop, and also buy it from other suppliers (for selling on), you get useful intelligence about how much your competitors are selling for.’
　　3 Producers should ask for written terms of trade from the supermarkets they supply. The Office of Fair Trading was surprised to find after their audit of supermarket’s compliance with the Supermarkets’Code of Practice, that none of the suppliers in their sample had done so. The OFT commented ‘the effective resolution of disputes relies on both sides being in possession of written terms. Transparency about terms of dealing is essential to suppliers’ ability to negotiate assertively with supermarkets on matters including prices, volumes, discounts, over riders, and promotions.’
　　4 Participants in the food supply chain might consider what collaborative models from other industries or countries could teach this sector. For example, e-markets are common in aerospace or automotive industries. One CIMA member commented that collaboration within EU food supply chains seems more advanced.
　　5 Consumers need to understand better the inputs into the supply chain, and specifically the impact on costs of their preferences. For example, when feed costs are high, the price of meat should rise; or when better animal welfare is practiced or mandated, the additional costs of doing so should be passed on to consumers, who originate (directly or otherwise) these requirements. This is particularly important to make competition fairer when consumers are offered a choice including produce from suppliers from other countries who are not required to adhere to these more expensive practices. And consumers should be educated about seasonality. One solution is more informative labelling, to indicate that produce has been produced to more exacting standards, or has been air-freighted.
　　6 Efforts should be made to reduce waste, especially where this results from poor co-ordination of requirements or a lack of understanding from supermarket buyers, of growing cycles. Members of the roundtable commented on the potential to reduce waste overall, and examples of specific instances which fell disproportionately on growers. Much food waste should be reduced from July 2009, with the repeal of 20 year old EU regulations specifying marketing standards for many fruits and vegetables.
　　7 Supermarkets should adopt a longer-term perspective towards their relationships with primary producers. Two week contracts, and a lack of certainty about how much of their output the supermarket will buy, ultimately will discourage farmers from innovation and investment in new capacity or new production processes. And driving primary producers out of the sector, as has been seen in respect of the dairy industry, will adversely impact the continuity of supply.
 　
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