Question：Participation can motivate employees by making them take 'ownership' of the task and increasing their commitment.
　　In which of the following circumstances, however, would this not happen?
　　A. The purpose of participation is not made clear
　　B. Efforts at participation are maintained for a reasonable period
　　C. Everyone is allowed to participate equally
　　D. Participation is genuine
　　The correct answer is:
　　The purpose of participation is not made clear
　　and
　　Everyone is allowed to participate equally
　　Rationale: Participation will only work if the purpose is made clear and the individual has the ability and information to participate effectively (the principle of 'capacity'): otherwise, they will feel frustrated and under pressure.
　　You may have hesitated over 'Efforts at participation are maintained for a reasonable period', but this is necessary for people to take participation seriously (the principle of 'consistency').