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　　“IDEA”：
　　“IDE” 1st tier of I/S.
　　“A” directly flow to Retained earnings statement
　　Cost and Unexpired Costs（F1-17）
　　Cost is the amount actually paid for something.
　　Most kinds of cost expire in current period or in future period.
　　-Expired cost become expense of I/S.（COGS）
　　-Unexpired cost become assets of B/S.（Inventory）
　　-Unexpired cost will allocated in a systematic and rational manner or matched against Revenues from future period
　　Several kinds of cost NEVER expired
　　Land
　　“I” of “IDEA” is before income tax
　　“DEA” of “IDEA” are after income tax
　　2nd tier of “I”：Before Tax（F1-18）
　　2nd tier of “I”：Before Tax（F1-18）
　　Operating activities （Gross Concept， revenues， expenses）
　　Non-operating activities （Net Concept，gains，losses）
　　Income taxes = current + deferred
　　“DE” of “IDEA” are after income tax（F1-18）
　　“D”，Income （Loss）from Discontinued Operations，NET of tax
　　“E”，Extraordinary Items，NET of tax，
　　Unusual in nature
　　AND
　　Infrequent in occurrence
　　（if “OR”，Income from continuing operation）
　　“A” of “IDEA” are after income tax（F1-18）
　　“A”，Cumulative Effect of Change in Accounting Principle，NET of tax，Report on statement of retained Earnings.
　　Two types of income statement
　　Dose I/S report operating results separately from non-operating results？
　　“YES”，Multiple step I/S（F1-19）
　　“NO”，Single step I/S（F1-20）
　　Tip：The key is to find the line “Income（loss）from operations”
　　FI-2-1 Income from continuing operations
　　F1-2-2 Discontinued operations and exit or disposal activities
　　F1-2-3 Extraordinary items
　　F1-2-4 Accounting changes and error corrections
　　Component of an Entity（F1-21）
　　A part of an entity
　　Operations and cash flows can be clearly distinguished from the rest of entity
　　Two types of component qualified（F1-22）
　　-Has been disposed of，or
　　-Is classified as held for sale.
　　6 criteria（ALL meet）（F1-21）
　　Items included in Results of Discontinued Operations（F1-22）
　　Results of operations of the component
　　Gain/Loss on disposal of the component
　　Impairment Loss（and subsequent increases in fair value）
　　Pass Key of Discontinued Operations Calculation
　　某component在X1年12月15日符合Discontinued operations-HFS條件，預(yù)計(jì)X2年6月dispose，則X1.12.31報(bào)表中
　　X1.1.1-X1.12.31的損益全部記入DO.
　　X0.1.1-X0.12.31的損益重分類(lèi)入DO.
　　通常要計(jì)提impairment
　　上述三項(xiàng)要用稅后凈值（1-稅率）
　　所有資產(chǎn)不在計(jì)提折舊/攤銷(xiāo)
　　X2年6月預(yù)計(jì)處置費(fèi)用，記入X2年。
　　Exit or disposal activities（F1-25）
　　-Costs types
　　Involuntary employee termination costs
　　Terminate contract costs
　　Other costs associated
　　-Criteria for Liability Recognition
　　Obligating event occurred
　　Present obligation
　　No discretion to avoid
　　——Liability Measurement – Fair value
　　——Disclosure
　　FI-2-1 Income from continuing operations
　　F1-2-2 Discontinued operations and exit or disposal activities
　　F1-2-3 Extraordinary items
　　F1-2-4 Accounting changes and error corrections
　　Extraordinary items，NET of tax （F1-27）：
　　-Unusual AND Infrequent（expropriation by Gov.）
　　Income from Continuing Operations，GROSS：
　　-Unusual OR Infrequent（Sales of a factory building）
　　IFRS
　　-No extraordinary items.
　　Pass Key of Extraordinary Items
　　Examples of Non-extraordinary Items.
　　-Loss from strike
　　-Large write-downs or write-offs of AR，Inventory，Intangibles，Long-term securities
　　-Gain/loss from disposal of PPE
　　-Gain/Loss from foreign currency transactions or translation.
　　FI-2-1 Income from continuing operations
　　F1-2-2 Discontinued operations and exit or disposal activities
　　F1-2-3 Extraordinary items
　　F1-2-4 Accounting changes and error corrections
　　Accounting Change classified as：（F1-29）
　　-Estimate Change-Prospective
　　-Principle Change-GR：Retrospective + SR：Prospective
　　-Entity Change-Restate
　　Error Correction–Restate
　　-Real Error–Should not wrong at that time
　　-From non-GAAP method to GAAP method（cash basis to accrual basis）
　　Tip：會(huì)計(jì)政策變更與會(huì)計(jì)估計(jì)變更的區(qū)別
　　會(huì)計(jì)政策變更：是指企業(yè)對(duì)相同的交易或事項(xiàng)由原來(lái)采用的會(huì)計(jì)政策改用另一種會(huì)計(jì)政策的行為。如壞賬核算從直接法改為備抵法。
　　會(huì)計(jì)估計(jì)變更：是指由于資產(chǎn)或負(fù)債的當(dāng)前狀況及預(yù)期經(jīng)濟(jì)利益和義務(wù)發(fā)生了變化，從而對(duì)資產(chǎn)或負(fù)債的賬面價(jià)值或資產(chǎn)的定期消耗金額進(jìn)行調(diào)整的行為。如壞賬核算備抵法下6個(gè)月-12個(gè)月賬齡的計(jì)提比例從5%調(diào)整為10%.
　　Tip： 會(huì)計(jì)估計(jì)變更與會(huì)計(jì)差錯(cuò)更正的區(qū)別
　　過(guò)去做出的判斷，已不適用今天和未來(lái)的情況，那么我們要做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。這種調(diào)整是政策變更、估計(jì)變更，還是差錯(cuò)更正？
　　在當(dāng)時(shí)的歷史條件下，另一名有適當(dāng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的合格財(cái)務(wù)人員是否會(huì)做出相同的判斷？
　　“是”，會(huì)計(jì)估計(jì)變更（05年底球型顯示器生產(chǎn)線的減值準(zhǔn)備提少了）
　　“否”，會(huì)計(jì)差錯(cuò)更正（10年底球型顯示器生產(chǎn)線的減值準(zhǔn)備提少了）
　　Change In Accounting Estimate：（F1-29）
　　it is determined that the estimate previously used by the company is incorrect.
　　Prospective
　　-Do not affect previous periods（R.E）
　　-Only affect current and future period
　　Change In Accounting Principle：（F1-30）
　　From one accounting principle to another acceptable accounting principle
　　GR： Retrospective
　　Adjusting beginning retained earnings in the earliest period presented.（R.E）
　　SR： Prospective
　　-Change effect impracticable to Estimate（to LIFO）
　　-Change in Depreciation Method
　　Change In Accounting Entity：（F1-32）
　　When the entity being reported on has changed composition.
　　Restate
　　-As if the new composition has existed on the earliest period in F/S.
　　IFRS does not include the concept of a change in accounting entity.
　　Error Correction：（F1-33）
　　Two types
　　-Real Error – Should not wrong at that time
　　-From non-GAAP method to GAAP method（cash basis to accrual basis）
　　Restate
　　As if the accounting treatment is correct on the earliest period in F/S.
　　IFRS does not include the concept of a change in accounting entity.
　　IDEA
　　I- before tax
　　DEA – net tax
　　E – unusual and infrequent
　　Accounting estimate/principle/entity change
　　-Estimate，prospective
　　-Principle，GR：retrospective
　　-Entity， restate
　　Error Correction - Restate
　　-From Non GAAP to GAAP/ Real error

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