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        3.3 The strategic planning process
  The rational approach to strategic planning breaks down the process into three distinct steps.
  1 Strategic analysis – three key areas
  • External analysis of markets, competitors, the business environment, etc. to identify opportunities and threats.
  • Internal analysis of the firm’s resources, competences, etc. to identify strengths and weaknesses.
  • Stakeholder analysis – to understand stakeholder expectations/influence in order to clarify objectives.
  2 Strategic choice – again three key angles to consider
  • What is the basis of our strategy? In particular how are we going to compete – high quality, low costs?
  • Where do we want to compete? Which markets, countries, products?
  • How do we want to get there? Organic growth, acquisition or some joint arrangement such as franchising?
  3 Strategic implementation
  • Once determined, the long-term strategy needs to be translated into plans for marketing, human resources management, IT, production, organizational structure, etc.
  • The strategy may involve major changes so these will also have to be managed.
  Test your understanding 10
  Give three strategic issues that should be considered by the headmaster of a school as part of strategic analysis.