一般而言,我們都假設(shè)公司經(jīng)營(yíng)發(fā)生的交易都正確的記賬,做分錄,沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)任何的錯(cuò)誤,但在現(xiàn)實(shí)活動(dòng)中很難做到?jīng)]有差錯(cuò),即使是小公司也可能出現(xiàn)一些人為的錯(cuò)誤,比如說(shuō)數(shù)字錯(cuò)誤,方向錯(cuò)誤等等。一旦這些錯(cuò)誤被發(fā)現(xiàn),我們就需要去改正,那接下來(lái)的三章內(nèi)容control account,bank reconciliation&correction of error就是圍繞著我們?nèi)绾伟l(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤,有哪些錯(cuò)誤的類型,如何去改正這些錯(cuò)誤展開(kāi)。ACCA題庫(kù),戳:ACCA題庫(kù)【手機(jī)可刷+全球題庫(kù)】(按照知識(shí)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分類配題,有知識(shí)點(diǎn)沒(méi)有搞懂,無(wú)法解鎖,直至掌握,目前階段免費(fèi))
  根據(jù)老師的經(jīng)驗(yàn),這幾個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)在考試中出現(xiàn)的頻率高,同學(xué)們要認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容。
  Control accounts
  定義
  control account keeps a total record of a number of individual items指一系列個(gè)體科目的總和的記錄,比如說(shuō)存貨,工資,等等,但是在本章節(jié)我們主要是應(yīng)收賬款和應(yīng)付賬款的總和。Personal account指的是某一類科目的明細(xì),如應(yīng)收賬款的各個(gè)顧客的具體金額。
  RLCA:receivable ledger control account PLCA:payable ledger control account
  舉例子說(shuō)明:
  Receivables ledger(personal accounts)=RLCA(230)
  A customer 50
  B customer 100
  C customer 80
  當(dāng)交易發(fā)生時(shí),我們首先在銷售/購(gòu)買日記賬中(sales day book)記錄,然后財(cái)務(wù)部記錄:
  Dr TR Cr sales當(dāng)我們收到錢以后的記錄是Dr cash Cr TR
  當(dāng)每個(gè)月發(fā)生許多筆交易發(fā)生后,我們將應(yīng)收賬款加總得到一個(gè)總額,即所有客戶欠你的錢的總和我們用RLCA表示,同理表示PLCA。
  當(dāng)我們?nèi)プ坊兀╟hase overdue debts)我們的應(yīng)收賬款時(shí),我們應(yīng)該知道在特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)每個(gè)單獨(dú)的客戶欠我們多少,這時(shí)就需要一個(gè)備查的明細(xì)賬戶(memorandum ledger)。
  Purpose of control account(原因)
  1)check on the accuracy of entry made in personal account ledger.具體科目的精確性
  比如說(shuō)分錄太多,謄寫出現(xiàn)差錯(cuò),數(shù)字錯(cuò)了,有遺漏的,invoice和payment沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)在Personal賬戶中,總賬和明細(xì)賬的比較;
  2)internal check,location of error,供應(yīng)商的對(duì)賬單與我的應(yīng)付賬款單不一致的時(shí)候;
  3)quickly to prepare trail balance and SOFP主要是總賬。
  具體會(huì)出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題
  contra entry,sales/purchase return,interest overdue,discount.
  【contra entry】
  contra entry,雙方互為買方和賣方,Dr payable(PLCA)Cr receivables(RLCA)
  題目練習(xí):
  A receivables ledger control account had a closing balance of$1000.It contained a contra to the payable ledger of$400,but this had been entered on the wrong side of the control account.What should be the correct balance on the control account?
  Contra:(正確記錄)
  Dr trade payable 400
  Cr trade receivable 400
  Wrong side account:
  Dr trade receivable 400
  Cr trade receivable 400
  影響:Dr trade receivable方向多記了800,要將其減去
  Correct balance:1000-800=200(借方)
  【退貨問(wèn)題;(對(duì)比記憶)】
  【over payment付了好幾次,要退回來(lái)的,相反的分錄】
  欠供貨商1000,本來(lái)昨天付款了1000,結(jié)果今天又付款一次1000
  【interest overdue account超期之后還沒(méi)付款要收取利息】
  以下兩個(gè)表格中的科目要學(xué)會(huì)分辨,在題目中出現(xiàn)后明白放在借貸的哪一方?
  題目:給一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的T account,然后你要自己調(diào)節(jié),得出正確的余額.
  The following control account has been prepared by a trainee accountant.
  Question:What should the closing balance be when all the errors made in preparing the receivables ledger control account have been corrected?
  解析:Cash sales 88,100&Allowance for receivables 2,800并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)在正確的T account中,為什么?
  因?yàn)樗麄儾荒苡绊憫?yīng)收賬款的借貸方,cash sale記錄在cash day book
  Allowance for receivable的分錄為:
  Dr doubtful expense
  Cr allowance for receivable       
        ACCA題庫(kù),戳:
ACCA題庫(kù)【手機(jī)可刷+全球題庫(kù)】(按照知識(shí)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分類配題,有知識(shí)點(diǎn)沒(méi)有搞懂,無(wú)法解鎖,直至掌握,目前階段免費(fèi))
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